Research studies need to have specific indicators of outcome. As a result, movement of limbs is a popular indicator of empirical research on indirect v direct suggestion. Basically, the question is which type makes the subject move more. But the snag is that indirect suggestion was never meant to MAKE anyone do anything but rather to facilitate unique responses that are relevant for the client. So, the research paradigms are a bit constrained for this 'open ended' outcome measurement. Nevertheless, BTW, each is shown to create approximately the same results in those studies. Many studies also ask respondents about subjective experiences of trance and subjects often report they were deeper or more absorbed following indirect suggestion. Of course, standardized test results showed the same depth of trance in these cases but the indirect subjects reported a more personal depth. [in a nut shell]